Elastic constants of wood

Wood is an anisotropic material, meaning its properties vary depending on the direction in which they are measured. The elastic behavior of wood is described by twelve constants, three moduli of elasticity, three moduli of rigidity, and six Poisson's ratios. The elastic constants of wood can be characterised using wave propagation, static compression testing , or static bending using a strain gauge. The exact values of elastic constants can vary significantly depending on the processing and quality of the material.