Ulmus glabra

'Ulmus glabra'' Huds. – Wych elm'''

group: 	RING-POROUS HARDWOODS

Macroscopic structure of wood

heartwood/sapwood: 	heartwood

description: 	narrow sapwood (1–3 cm), yellowish white to creamy white; heartwood light to dark brown

rings: 	distinct boundary between rings; distinct zone of early wood and late wood in rings

vessels:	macro pores in early wood (X – holes, R, T – grooves), micropores in late wood (arrangement)

microvessels arrangement: 	wavy tangential bands

rays: 	numerous ray flecks, visible only in R

texture: 	flatsawn (T), radial figure (R); lustrous (R) and very decorative wood

other: 	typical texture in R, valuable European hardwood

Microscopic structure of wood

brief overview: 	Rays 1–7 seriate, HomG*; microvessels in wavy tangential bands

ring: 	early wood and late wood very good distinct in rings	X

vessel types and arrangements: 	macrovessels in early wood (predominantly solitary); microvessels in late wood (arrangement)	X

microvessels arrangement: 	wavy tangential bands	X

type of vessel perforation: 	simple	R

tyloses: 	very often in early wood vessels	X, R, T

vessel thickenings: 	fine spiral by late wood vessels	R, T

rays: 	homogeneous (poorly heterogeneous)	R, T

width of rays	1–7	T, (X)

apotracheal parenchyma: 	marginal	X

paratracheal parenchyma: 	scanty, vasicentric, confluent	X

tracheids in basic tissue: 	vascular and vasicentric	R, T

Wood properties

density: 	moderate heavy

ρ 0: 	640 kg/m3

ρ 12-15: 	680 kg/m3

ρ green: 	1000 kg/m3

shrinkage: 	medium

- volumetric (βV): 	12,4 %

- radial (βR): 	4,7 %

- tangential (βT): 	7,5 %

mechanical properties: 	very strong, elastic

ultimate strength in compression ||: 	46 MPa

ultimate strength in bending: 	72 MPa

ultimate strength in tension ||: 	80 MPa

hardness: 	moderate hard to hard

Janka's hardness: 	63 MPa

technological properties: 	no problem with drying, working an finishing

resistance: 	rated as moderate resistant to decay

Wood utilization

furniture, veneers, furniture, turning work, sports equipment, hunting rifle butts, water constructions, turning work and woodcarving

References